人們常說寫作文要有“鳳頭豹尾”,就是說作文的開頭要寫得像鳳凰的頭一樣引人注目,而結(jié)尾要像豹尾那樣剛勁有力、戛然而止。那么,怎樣讓自己的作文具有“鳳頭豹尾”呢?下面筆者針對不同的文體和題材對英語作文的開頭和結(jié)尾的寫作方法進(jìn)行了歸納總結(jié)。
一、怎樣寫好文章的開頭
開頭是作文在閱卷老師面前的第一次亮相,它將決定你所寫的文章在閱卷老師心中所留下的第一印象。如果第一印象好,就意味著有了良好的開端,也就成功了一半。Good beginning is half done,我們該怎樣一提起筆就讓自己成功一半呢?
(一)“開門見山”式開頭
一般來說,文章的開頭應(yīng)盡量做到“開門見山”,即要用簡單明了的語言引出文章的話題,使人一開始就能了解文章要說明的內(nèi)容。
1. 對于敘事類的文章,可以在開頭把人物、時(shí)間、事件和環(huán)境交代清楚。如“A Trip to Huangshan(黃山之旅)”的開頭可以是:Last month, my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us.
2. 對于論述性的文章,可以在開頭處先闡明自己的觀點(diǎn),接著展開進(jìn)一步的論述。如“The Time and the Money(時(shí)間和金錢)” 的開頭可以是:Most people say that money is more important than time. But I don’t think so. First, when money is used up, you can earn it back, but……
(二)回憶性開頭
在描述事件或游記類的文章中,采用回憶性的開頭往往更能吸引人的眼球。這種類型的開頭中通常含有描述自己心情或情緒的詞匯,如never forget (永遠(yuǎn)無法忘記), remember (記得),unforgettable (難以忘懷的), exciting(令人激動(dòng)的),surprising(令人驚訝的), sad (難過的)……如“A Trip to Huangshan(黃山之旅)”的開頭還以這樣寫:I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan. 或It was really an unforgettable experience I had.
(三)疑問性開頭
在敘事類或論述性的文章中,都可采用疑問型開頭,這樣既可以吸引閱卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。如“Planting Trees(種樹)”的開頭可以是:Have you ever planted trees? Don’t you think planting trees is ……
再如“Traveling Abroad(出國之旅)”的開頭可以是:If you have an opportunity to travel abroad, why not consider Singapore?
(四)倒敘式開頭
在有的文章,特別是敘事類的文章中,可以采用倒敘的寫作手法,先寫出事件的結(jié)果,再陳述過程。如“Catching Thieves (捉賊)”的開頭可以這樣寫:I lay in bed in the hospital. I smiled at my friends even though my legs hurt. Do you want to know what happened to me? Let me tell you. It’s a … story.
更多信息請查看英語寫作技巧