The action he takes varies according to the nature of the complaint.
他所采取的行動,根據(jù)怨言的性質(zhì),而有所不同。
modify 主要用來表示有局限性的“改變”,當(dāng)用于事物時,它所表示的“改變”,在程度上要大于 alter, 在用于人的態(tài)度時,它僅僅表示略加修飾,并不含有很大的變化
The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.
工業(yè)革命變革了英國的整個社會結(jié)構(gòu)。
change alter vary
都含“改變”的意思 .
change 指“使改變得與原物完全不同”或“使發(fā)生以新代舊的變化”,如:
The appearance of the town is quite changed.
這個城鎮(zhèn)的外觀變化頗大。
alter 指“局部的、外表的變化, 但特點不變”, 如:
This coat should be altered.
這件外套應(yīng)該改改。
vary 指“不規(guī)則或連續(xù)地改變”, 如:
Customs vary with the times.
習(xí)俗隨時代而異。
keep retain withhold reserve
都含“保持”、“保存”的意思。
keep 系常用詞, 指“使繼續(xù)下去”“使較長時期地置于不脫離控制、掌握、照料或變化之下”, 如:
keep the room clean.
保持室內(nèi)清潔。
retain 較正式, 強調(diào)“繼續(xù)保持”, 特指“保持使不失去或被奪走”, 如:
He has managed to retain most of his fortune.
他設(shè)法保存了他的大部分財產(chǎn)。
withhold 強調(diào)“保留”、“隱匿”, 指“阻止其離去或泄漏”, 如:
Fear made him withhold the truth.
恐懼使他不敢說實話。
reserve 指“為一目的保持, 或保存一段時間”, 如:
A great future is reserved for you.
光明的前程在等待著你。
remain stay
都指“繼續(xù)停留”或“繼續(xù)保持某種狀態(tài)、關(guān)系或行動。”
remain ??膳cstay 互換, 但它強調(diào)“繼續(xù)停留于一處或保持原狀態(tài)、情況性質(zhì)而不改變”, 如:
This place remains cool all summer.
這個地方整個夏天都涼爽。
stay強調(diào)“某人[物]繼續(xù)留在原地而不離開”, 如:
He stayed to see the end of the game.
他一直呆到比賽結(jié)束
ability,capacity,faculty,talent,skill,competence,aptitude
These nouns denote the qualities in a person that permit or facilitate achievement or accomplishment.
這些名詞都表示某人具有取得進步或成功的素質(zhì)。
Ability is the power,mental or physical,to do something:
Ability 是指智力或體力上具有做某事的能力:
"To make a fortune some assistance from fate is essential. Ability alone is insufficient" (Ihara Saikaku)。
“要致富,光靠能力是不夠的,還得看機遇” (伊哈拉。塞科古)。
Capacity refers to an innate potential for growth,development,or accomplishment:
Capacity 指天賦的,如生長、發(fā)展或成功的潛力:
"Not by age but by capacity is wisdom acquired"(Plautus)。
“智慧的獲得是依靠才能而不是年齡” (普洛提斯)。
Faculty denotes an inherent power or ability:
Faculty 指內(nèi)在的力量或能力:
An unerring faculty for detecting hypocrisy is one of her most useful attributes.
能無誤地看出偽善的能力是她身上最有用的特征之一。
Talent emphasizes inborn ability,especially in the arts:
Talent 強調(diào)天生的才能,尤其是在藝術(shù)方面:
"There is no substitute for talent.Industry and all the virtues are of no avail" (Aldous Huxley)。
“勤奮及其他的品質(zhì)都不能彌補天分的不足” (阿爾多斯。赫胥黎)。
Skill stresses ability that is acquired or developed through experience:
Skill 強調(diào)由經(jīng)驗而獲得或發(fā)展的能力:
"The intellect,character and skill possessed by any man are the product of certain original tendencies and the training which they have received"(Edward L. Thorndike).
“任何人的知識、性格和能力都是由起初的興趣加上后來接受的訓(xùn)練而得到的。” (愛德華L.桑戴克)。
Competence suggests the ability to do something satisfactorily but not necessarily outstandingly well:
Competence 指能做到使人滿意但并不一定特別出眾的能力:
The concerto was performed by a violinist of unquestioned competence but limited imagination.
小提琴家所演奏的協(xié)奏曲毫無疑問是出色的,但是缺乏想像力。
Aptitude implies inherent capacity for learning,understanding,or performing:
Aptitude 暗指內(nèi)在的學(xué)習(xí)、理解和表演的才能:
Even as a child he showed an unusual aptitude for mathematics.
甚至孩童時他就顯露出非同一般的數(shù)學(xué)才能
形容詞 complete 和 perfect 雖然都有“完全的”含義,但并非同義詞,在許多情況下它們只是詞義相近而已。
complete 的含義是“完整無缺的”、“圓滿的”
He is a complete stranger to me.
我一點也不認識他。(可以和 perfect 換用)
Before long,the noise dropped completely.
不久,那轟鳴聲就完全消失了。